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First, CBC uses the plaintext block xor with the IV. In order to overcome the ECB weakness, CBC mode uses an Initialization Vector (IV) to augment the encryption. This is the main weakness of this mode, and it's not recommended for encryption. Therefore, it produces the same result for the same block. Then each block is encrypted with the same key and algorithm. The plaintext is divided into blocks with a size of 128 bits.

This mode of operation is the simplest of all. Each mode has its strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, the mode of operation may convert the block cipher into a stream cipher.

We can apply the mode of operation in order to strengthen the effect of the encryption algorithm. The AES algorithm has six modes of operation:

Padding is the process of filling up the last block to 128 bits. If the data to be encrypted doesn't meet the block size requirement of 128 bits, it must be padded. The AES engine requires a plain-text and a secret key for encryption and same secret key is used again to decrypt it. AES is the industry standard as of now as it allows 128 bit, 192 bit and 256 bit encryption.Symmetric encryption is very fast as compared to asymmetric encryption and are used in systems such as database system. Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm.

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